yes, My question is that first impact whether we have to consider the force in flow direction or in the reverse pressure wave direction.

In CAESAR-II all examples, they consider only the fluid flow direction, why like that??

why we are neglecting the force acting in the opposite side of the flow direction means in pressure wave direction..


problem is reg.
1. application of force direction on the bend
2. how many forces will apply at bends one or two. means only flow direction force or pressure wave direction or both forces


for these two methods what is the best way to perform the water hammer analysis

1. pseudo static water hammer analysis
2. spectrum analysis

please share your comments.