Dear All,

Question: 1

I referred COADE book and CAESAR-II help file.
For water hammer- Entire force F is applied only in the Flow direction.
For the Slug flow – Force is resolved into axial and orthogonal. Means 0.707*F applied in that two directions.

What is the reason?

Question: 2

For water hammer- If the valve is closed suddenly, then a pressure wave travels in opposite direction also. That force is not considered why?