Dear All,

According to the question posted above by Zhiyuan Xu on Modelling Buried Pipe with Caesar II, one find out that there was no consideration given for the following:

1. Earth Load (When Pipe is buried above Water Table, below Water Table and Undisturbed or Unsaturated Soil)

2. Surface Live Load (which always depends on the height of cover)

3. Ovality of Pipe due to the effect of Earth and Live Load and the Through-Wall Bending associated with it.

4. Buoyancy Force craeted by Pipe below water table and the associated Bending Stress.

Will someone shed more light on all the aforementioned please?

Thanks
Soj