Dear Dave,

Thanks for your reply.

However, need further clarity on your below quotes

Quote:

1.The problem is, the existing state of stress due to force-based loads (gravity & pressure) reduces the amount of strain you can apply before yield occurs. This is that ratcheting term. Essentially, a high sustained load will reduce the available range for safe shakedown.Why?

2.Appendix P will not appear in B31.3 - 2014.Why?

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