In many bellow detail with yellow colored shipping bars, we find installation length of the bellow differing from manufacturing length of the same, due to bellow specification requirement of cold pull of 50% of calculated expansion. Where the minimum temperature T1 is much away from installation temperature T3, the required cold pull = 0.5 -(T3-T1)/(T2-T1) where T2 is the maximum temperature.

In Caesar-II modelling, do we consider this cold pull of bellow ? If so, do we consider 100% effect of the cold pull or 2/3rd & 4/3rd of the same in force/load calculation?

regards,

sam