There's 2 type of bourdon effect for straight pipe
1) pressure thrust forces on end caps of pipeline. As I think Caesar II assume all free pipe ends have caps, but it's not true for equipment nozzles
2) pressure thrust forces on all nodes with change of direction (bends, tee e.t.c)
3) shortening the pipe because of an increase in the diameter under pressure (Lame's equation)


Edited by mav (05/16/08 02:38 AM)