On our engineering specification for piping flexibility, I found below sentence but I have no idea how to handle this.

========================
when external loading and internal pressure are imposed simultaneously on a pipe bend, the maximum circumferential stresses occuring for external moment loading shall be reduced by the presence of internal pressure (Bourdon Effect)
========================

Does anybody have an idea how to apply Bourdon Effect using Caesar II?





Edited by RoS (12/11/07 12:53 AM)