Tye,
Take a look at B31.1 Table 121.5 - Suggested Pipe Support Spacing. This table matches the numbers in MSS SP-69 Table 3 - Maximum Horizontal Pipe Hanger and Support Spacing. General Note (c) in Table 121.5 says "the spacing is based on a fixed beam support with a bending stress not exceeding 2300 psi ... and the pitch of the line is such that a sag of 0.1 in. between supports is permissable."
There's your "Sall" - 2300 psi. That's roughly 10% of the cold allowable stress.
That pitch is a second criterion to watch.
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Dave Diehl