For "bourdon", the user should read the "help text" for this option. Also note that "bourdon effects" are not addressed by the B31 piping codes. The CAESAR II implementation is as follows:
RESEARCH SHOWS THAT EX = (1/E) (SX - NU(SH + SR))
AS PER HARVEY, "THEORY AND DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS", P. 61:
SX = P A^2/(B^2-A^2)
SR = P A^2(1-B^2/R^2)/(B^2-A^2)
SH = P A^2(1+B^2/R^2)/(B^2-A^2)
THEREFORE THE ABOVE EQUATION REDUCES TO:
EX = (1/E) (P A^2/(B^2-A^2) -
NU(P A^2(1+B^2/R^2)/(B^2-A^2) + P A^2(1-B^2/R^2)/(B^2-A^2)))
OR:
EX = (P A^2/(B^2-A^2) (1 - 2 NU)) / E
where EX is a strain introduced on the pipe element per unit length. In the above equations, "A" is the inside radius,"B" is the outside radius, "NU" is poissons ration, and "E" is the elastic modulus.
_________________________
Regards,
Richard Ay - Consultant