Now I'm working on a pipeline project that have pig launcher and receiver station and 24" pipeline.
The lanucher and receiver is above ground, and use 30 deg bend to underground. the soil is clay.The design temperature is 100 deg c,the design pressure is 81 barg, the maximum temeprature is 90 deg c, the maximum operating pressure is 74 barg,

So I select the T1=90 deg c,P1=74 barg,
and I propose the anchor block is downstream 10 meters to the second 30 deg of hot induction bend.
and active the bourdon effect.

But the result is crazy, the force is approximate 350t at w1+p1+t1.

Can somebody help me or give some good advice on the issue?

Waiting your reply.

Without looking at the model, I would suggest you run 3 load cases as follows:

1) w
2) p1
3) t1

And find out which component is causing the problem. Then you will be in a better position to determin what is wrong.

Hereafter attached the results that according to your instruction.

By the way,there is no functional to post a file on this forum? or maybe give me your e-mail address to show the model.

RESTRAINT SUMMARY REPORT
LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY
CASE 1 (OPE) W+T1+P1
CASE 2 (SUS) W
CASE 3 (EXP) T1
CASE 4 (OPE) P1
(bourdon effect no actived)
-----------Forces( N.)----------
NODE CASE TYPE FX FY FZ
180 Rigid ANC
1 OPE -3230477. -1869. 6.
2 SUS 7540. 81. 5.
3 EXP -3267344. -1775. 0.
4 OPE 0. 0. 0.
MAX. 3267344./ 3 1775./ 3 5./ 2

(bourdon effect is actived)
-----------Forces( N.)----------
NODE CASE TYPE FX FY FZ
180 Rigid ANC
1 OPE -4135939. -2434. 9.
2 SUS 7540. 81. 5.
3 EXP -3267344. -1775. 0.
4 OPE -906997. -497. 1.
MAX. 4135939./ 1 2434./ 1 9./ 1

Your extreme loads are caused by "T1" alone. You're not trying to restrain axial thermal growth are you?

I'm a newer.I think only use the anchor block to restrain the axial thermal growth.
Do you have some good advice on it?

You can't restrain axial thermal growth - the loads are too large. This is why piping systems have expansion loops and other changes in direction.

I really can't teach you Pipe Stress Analysis in this forum, or even via e-mail, there is too much information. Discuss this with your supervisor and/or co-workers. Also, check the "training section" of this website for information on the closest CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminar to your location.

Underground pipelines can generate extremely large forces on anchor blocks. 90°C (194°F) is pretty hot for an underground pipeline. I'm no expert in underground pipelines, but I did encounter one recently. There are some papers written about this topic that are very informative. I suggest Non-Mandatory Appendix VII of B31.1. It is titled "Procedures for the Design of Restrained Underground Piping".

I Didn't found the Appendix VII in B31.3-1996 EDITION.
Hereafter the appendix index in B31.3.
Can you tell me more about the issue?
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Appendix J
Appendix K
Appendix L
Appendix M
Appendix V
Appendix X
Appendix Z
Allowable Stresses and Quality Factors for Metallic Piping and Bolting
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Stress Tables and Allowable Pressure Tables for Nonmetals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Physical Properties of Piping Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Reference Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Precautionary Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Safeguarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Sample Calculations for Branch Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Allowable Stresses for High Pressure Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Aluminum Alloy Pipe Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Guide to Classifying Fluid Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Allowable Variations in Elevated Temperature Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Metallic Bellows Expansion Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Preparation of Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Look at B31.1 2004 edition Non-Mandatory Appendix VII "Procedures for the design of restrained underground piping" and have somebody who is familiar with this subject matter guide you through this task on a professonal basis... you are obviously swimming in waters that are way over your head.

In accordance with the NSPE code of ethics you may be in violation of #2 practice beyond your field of competence... see... http://www.nspe.org/ethics/eh1-code.asp

John,

In regards to your last statement, what sort of penalty or legal action is given to somebody or its employer if he was found to violate code compliances or say has been covering up his analysis (meaning not inaccordance with code allowable stresses)? Let's say nobody cehck his work and only him knows it for a long time and suddenly a Client discovers it - is he liable legally?

E.L.

Ed-Lamigo

It depends upon the jurisdiction. As an example, in Ohio, the designer and design firm are legally responsible for the consequences of a failure - it is part of the CRIMINAL law (yes, the responsible engineer CAN GO TO JAIL for ignoring Codes and Standards). There is no penalty in the criminal law for simply not complying with Codes and Standards but civil law makes the design firm responsible for the consequences of having the system rebuilt if it is judged to not be in compliance. NONE of these issues is a consequence of the Code or Standard - the Codes are just a documentation of good practice. BUT once the Code or Standard is made mandatory by it being included in the State or Province Building Code it has the force of law in that jurisdiction.

Codes of Professional Ethics are basically "gentlemen's agreements" - just remember that if there is no "gentleman" there can be no agreement.

Regards, John.

jimlin

As Richard Ay has said, if you try to restrain axial thermal expansion with an anchor, the program will predict a huge force acting against the anchor (it is good that you recognized that there was a problem). Of course, in reality two things would happen. A typical "anchor" block would simply be pushed in the direction of the force vector (and when the soil was as compacted as it could be, the pipe would buckle due to structural instability). Consider the pipe as a column being loaded by the very large force. There are good technical papers that you should read and certainly, you should look for the cited Appendix in the B31.1 Power Piping Code. I suggested to you before that you should go here and read the trechnical papers:

http://www.pipestress.com/Pages/PEpapers.html

PLEASE seek some enlightenment it is there for those who seek. It is a common mistake of an inexperienced person to not see the folly of trying to restrain thermal expansion. It is time to do some studying. Perhaps you should buy yourself a copy of one of the textbooks (guides) that will help you with understanding B31.3. One good book was written by Dr. Charles Becht (published by ASME) and another good book was written by Glynn Woods and Roy Baguly (published by CASTI Publishing) - they are both updated and available.

Regards, John.

More power to you John. You have been so helpful and kind in this forum. Thanks a lot for sharing all your knowledge professionally.

Ed-Lamigo

A very interesting question... "what sort of penalty or legal action is given to somebody or its employer if he was found to violate code compliances or say has been covering up his analysis "

You have to wonder about the circumstances surronding jimlins work! I have heard of numerous examples of U.S. P.E.s rubber stamping work from secondary design firms of dubious quality... obviously a clear violation of legal and ethical concerns...

To John L. and John B., to me if there seems to be a no serious consequences of violating code compliances, maybe some are/were or have been doing continuously a wrong analysis, doing inapproriate load cases to cover up overstressing or overloading in a piping system. I thought there is a more serious penalty except for one mentioned in the State of OHIO by John B. Thanks.

Ed-Lamigo

My associate Mr. Breen has outlined the world we live in... nobody said life was going to be fair and equitable.

South Carolina just adopted the Boiler code here in 2005 so there you go.... (supposedly it was conected to a recent Boiler Explosion and death).

All you can do is do your best and let the chips fall where they will....

............and in that regard, you might want to visit this web site. This may surprise you:

http://www.saftek.com/boiler/nb370.pdf

As John Luf notes above, this may not now be quite up to date.

There used to be a group called the "Uniform Boiler and Pressure Vessel Law Society" that kept track of the North American laws but I think they may faded into the past.

Regards, John

Hello,

More information on buried piping:

http://www.americanlifelinesalliance.org/pdf/Update061305.pdf

Regards, John.