Thermal movement at pipe bend

How does Caesar deal with the thermal movement at pipe bend?..Is it along the center of the bend? Or just an approximation in the upward and forward thermal movement, delta x and delta y movement?...Then using the formula for fixed-end elbow.





Thanks and Regards,

The two ends move away from each other just as if there was no bend. The strain vector is established by the two end points, no matter the path between. That path affects the stiffness.

Thanks Dave...Then the formula for strain would be, delta x=e*R, and delta y=e*R, where: e=coefficient of thermal expansion (in./in.), R=bend radius.., depending on the orientation of the elbow, it maybe delta z also...Correct me if I'm wrong fellow stressers...Thanks......