I am having to do a force time history surge analysis and am having problems working out the forces to be applied to the bends.
I have been provided with force time files from a CFD package.

I had assumed that there would be 2 forces acting on a bend due to pressure which would give me a resultant force direction of 1/2 the bend angle & resultant magnitude for a 90 bend of 1.41 (2 sin Angle/2).
The above assumption would seem to be confirmed by the paper "Dynamic pipe stresses during water hammer III Complex stress relationships" by R. Leishear.

While looking to see how I input the force time history files into CII I noticed that water hammer examples showed the force acting in an axial direction only.

So which way is right or am I over complicating things for a simple beam calc. program?