Dear sir ,

Could somebody teach me that what's meaning that "Before a manufacturers bending stiffness is used for a finite length bellows it should be multiplied by 4.0 (note that in this case the transverse stiffness would be left blank)." which is described in CAESARII technical document ?

Why the bending stiffness should be multiplied by 4.0 ?

Regards,

Refer to the May 1993 newsletter (available on this site). The article titled "The CAESAR II Expansion Joint Modeler" is what you want, particuluarly the paragraph at the lower right hand corner on page 30.

Richard ,
Thanks for your kindly reply.

Regards,