1. What information do I need from a client or what and what does a client suppose to provide for me to perform a stress analysis on a piping system or a pipeline or buried pipe for a successful deliverable.

Who is designing this Piping system, Pipeline or UG Pipe?

Is this a Homework question?

1 - Piping material specifications,
2 - Stress Analysis Spec,
3 - Piping Isometrics,(with design temp, pressure, design code, insulation thickness etc)
4 - Pipe Support Standards,
5 - Design conditions,
6 - Service (Density)
7 - Structural drawings,
8 - Equipment drawings,
9 - Equipment allowable loads
10 - Allowable support spans by client

Just to start with,

Be careful......

Never do your Stress Analysis based on "Design Temperature"
Always use "Maximum Operating Temperature"
Therefore #3 above should read:
3 - Piping Isometrics,(with Max Operating temp, pressure, design code, insulation thickness etc)
And #5 should read:
5 - Operating conditions,

I disagree with the last suggestion. You should check stresses at Design Temperature, not maximum operating temperature. Now, the code definitely tells you to check sustained stresses taking into account Sh which is based on Design conditions. But the Code doesn't technically tell you to check displacement stress range using the Design Temperature. Although I think it is always good engineering practice to do so. After all, the increase in strain from an additional 50°F or so (usually), won't really impact your STRESS calculations that much. You are only talking about a little bit of extra strain that the pipe sees, so not only does it protect you in case of operators or client wanting to ramp up system closer to Design conditions, but it also checks the full stress range which is a conservative approach.

I only use maximum operating temperature when I am checking allowable nozzle loads on sensitive equipment since meeting them under Design conditions is not always possible.

It looks to me that, for B31.3, "design temperature" and "design pressure" is used only to set wall thickness for pressure.
In reading the Code, the basic allowable stress limits (i.e. Sc & Sh) for sustained stress and expansion stress range are based on "the metal temperature of the operating condition being considered" or the "minimum/maximum metal temperature during the displacement cycle under analysis", respectively.
I believe it would be wise to assure that the design temperatures be safe as well.