Dear all,

Does any one explain to me the following sentences in the CII technical reference for thermal bowing delta temp (page 3-110):
"This differential is used to compute an elemental load, added to each temperature case for “horizontal” pipes"

How can we understand from the FEM programming view point for this effect?

I hope my question clear.

Best Regards.

The thermal bowing effect can be distilled down to the computation of elemental end moments on the pipes. The magnitude of the temperature differential determines the magnitude of the end moments.

Dear Richard,

In what case the thermal bowing occurs. can u just elaborate............

Dear Satish,
Thermal Bowing occurs when your pipe experience different temperature between Top of pipe and bottom of pipe, the example of this is is rundown line og LNG TAnk piping system, or heaters pipes in the radiant section of a furnace source. The philosophy is that when there is uneven temperature distrubution then you must be aware of thermal bowing case as the thermal stress might lead to fatigue failure of the affected area.

Thanks Tengku