Hi,

Ive been working for some time now as stress eng. but this is actually the first time to model a refractory lined pipe, so what is the best possible modelling technique? Average thickness and density or average modulus?
i.e. Refractory material does not expand with pipe and might also crack at elbows if not taken into consideration properly.
Thanks in advance and rgds,
M

Use "Search" - refractory

Read everything.

Regards,

Have a loke at Peng's new book ... it has an interesting section of modelling stiffness of refractory pipe by increasing the Young's modulus of pipe + lining.