Dear Raja,
Caesar did not consider welded connection between pipe to pipe. We can assume it is homogen. To find the reason you can read about the strength of welding joint relative to base material in such relate books. For the line pipe welded to to reducers, flanges, valves, there is SIF for each of them. SIF has effect to the stress in that welding location. See the formula relate to that (nodes).
For bolted connection in flange for example, we just need to put node at the interface of both (located it the face). We can predict the flange (with bolted connection mentioned) fail/pass by taking the load at this node and input to another calculation. But in new version of Caesar we can solve it in line.
I am not sure if this the answer you want to.
Edited by Samsul P. Manik (05/21/08 06:20 AM)
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Many thanks & regards,
Sam Manik